The Harbin individual inhabited a cold, steppeland environment alongside the woolly mammoth, giant deer, Przewalski's horse, elk, buffalo, and brown bear. The brain volume was 1,420 cc, within the range of modern humans and Neanderthals. Like modern humans, the face is rather flat, but the nose was rather large. The skull is the longest ever found from any human species. Like other archaic humans, the skull is low and long, with massively developed brow ridges, wide eye sockets, and a large mouth. longi is broadly anatomically similar to other Middle Pleistocene Chinese specimens. longi than to the European Neanderthals, but DNA evidence suggests Denisovans are more closely related to Neanderthals than modern humans.

They also considered modern humans to be more closely related to H. longi represents the enigmatic Denisovans, though this is unconfirmed.

Due to a tumultuous wartime atmosphere, it was hidden and only brought to paleoanthropologists in 2018. The skull was discovered in 1933 along the Songhua River while the Dongjiang Bridge was under construction for the Manchukuo National Railway. Homo longi is an extinct species of archaic human identified from a nearly complete skull, nicknamed 'Dragon Man', in Harbin on the Northeast China Plain, dating to at minimum 146,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene.

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